Rujukan Emir Abdelkader

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Abdelkader". Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (ed. 15th). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. m/s. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  2. ↑ Brower, Benjamin Claude (1 Jan 2011). "The Amîr ʿAbd Al-Qâdir and the "Good War" in Algeria, 1832-1847". Studia Islamica. 106 (2): 169–195. doi:10.1163/19585705-12341257. ISSN 1958-5705. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 Jan 2021. Dicapai pada 19 Jan 2021.
  3. ↑ Bouyerdene 2012, chapter 3
  4. ↑ Dinesen
  5. ↑ Bouyerdene, p45-47 "scrupulous respect for the law, the foundation of which is humanity and justice"
  6. ↑ Charles Henry Churchill, Life of Abd el-Kader: Ex-Sultan of the Arabs of Algeria, 1887
  7. ↑ Most modern sources give 6 September 1808; but the precise date is not clear. The earliest Arabic sources note his birth as taking place variously between 1221 and 1223 anno hegirae (i.e. AD 1806-1808), with biographical works written by his sons specifying Rajab 1222. For a full discussion of the problem, see Bouyerdene 2012, ch.1 note 14.
  8. ↑ "Abd el-Kader". Encyclopédie Larousse (dalam bahasa Perancis). n.d.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ahmed Bouyerdene, Emir Abd el-Kader: Hero and Saint of Islam, trans. Gustavo Polit, World Wisdom 2012
  10. ↑ Par Société languedocienne de géographie, Université de Montpellier. Institut de géographie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) Publié par Secrétariat de la Société languedocienne de géographie, 1881. Notes sur l'article: v. 4, page 517
  11. 1 2 3 Bouyerdene 2012, chapter 4
  12. 1 2 J. Ruedy, Modern Algiera: The Origins and Development of a Nation, (Bloomington, 2005), p. 65; Chateaux of the Loire (Casa Editrice Bonechi, 2007) p10.
  13. 1 2 Bouyerdene 2012, chapter 5
  14. ↑ "[Les nationalistes] refusent de reconnaitre le rôle d'ami de la France joué par l'émir à Damas sous le Second Empire. En 1860, en effet, Abd-el-Kader intervint pour protéger les chrétiens lors des massacres de Syrie, ce qui lui valut d'être fait grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur par Napoléon III", Jean-Charles Jauffret [fr], La Guerre d'Algérie par les documents, Volume 2, Service historique de l'Armée de terre, 1998, p.174 (ISBN 2863231138)
  15. ↑ "Notre ancien adversaire en Algérie était devenu un loyal ami de la France, et personne n'ignore que son concours nous a été précieux dans les circonstances difficiles" in Archives diplomatiques: recueil mensuel de diplomatie, d'histoire et de droit international, Numéros 3 à 4, Amyot, 1877, p.384
  16. ↑ "Commander of the Faithful: The Life and Times of Emir Abd el-Kader, A Story of True Jihad". Middle East Policy Council.
  17. ↑ John W. Kiser, Commander of the Faithful, the Life and Times of Emir Abd El-Kader: A Story of True Jihad, Monkfish Book Publishing Company, 2008
  18. ↑ N. Achrati, Following the Leader: A History and Evolution of the Amir ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi as Symbol,The Journal of North African Studies Volume 12, Issue 2, 2007 : "The French continued to pay his pension and monitor his activities, and 'Abd al-Qadir remained a self-declared 'friend of France' until his death in 1883."
  19. ↑ Louis Lataillade, Abd el-Kader, adversaire et ami de la France, Pygmalion, 1984, ISBN 2857041705
  20. ↑ Priestley, Herbert Ingram (1938). France Overseas: A Study Of Modern Imperialism, 1938. Octagon Books. m/s. 40. ISBN 978-0-7146-1024-5. [Abdelkader was] transferred to Damascus by Napoleon III. There he became a friend of France, saving twelve thousand Christians from the Turks at the time of the massacres in Damascus, and refused to ally himself with the insurgents in Algeria in 1870.